formative adj. 1.形成的,構(gòu)成的。 2.造型的。 3.【語法】構(gòu)詞(用)的。 a formative period 發(fā)育期。 the formative arts 造型藝術(shù)。 formative technique 造形[型]技術(shù),造形[型]工藝。 n. 構(gòu)詞要素〔指詞首、詞尾等, = formative element〕; 用構(gòu)詞要素構(gòu)成的詞。
With the comparison on the use of both formative evaluation and summative assessment in college english teaching , the advantages of formative evaluation is dealt with 通過對比兩種不同的教學(xué)評價(jià)方式重結(jié)果的終結(jié)性評估和關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)過程、關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)行為的形成性評估,闡述了形成性評估的優(yōu)越性。
Experimental teaching base on the other - evaluation , it been separated to formative evaluation and summative evaluation . building the concrete and measure elements , experimental evaluation recording tables 實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)評價(jià)以他評為基本形式,以自評為輔助形式,分為形成性評價(jià)和終結(jié)性評價(jià)兩種基本模式。
The writer collects the feedbacks on teaching activity through the following ways : the formative evaluation of teacher , inter - evaluation among students , self - evaluation of students and the final evaluation ( the mark of entrance exam ) 采取教師對學(xué)生的形成性評價(jià)、學(xué)生之間的相互評價(jià)、學(xué)生的自我評價(jià)、終結(jié)性評價(jià)、訪談等途徑收集師生對教學(xué)活動(dòng)的反饋意見。
From the viewpoint of evaluation theory , this system has two characteristics : one is " to emphasize school self - evaluation with combination of school inspection " ; the other is " to emphasize formative evaluation with combination of summative evaluation " 從評價(jià)學(xué)的角度來看,這一體系具有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn),一是以自我評價(jià)為主,外部督導(dǎo)與學(xué)校自評相結(jié)合;二是以形成性評價(jià)為主,形成性評價(jià)與總結(jié)性評價(jià)相結(jié)合。
The essay deeply analyzes the elementary theory of the developing teacher - assess system and points out its intrinsic essence and basic principle , goes into the base in theory which consists of 5 respects and finally makes the comparison between the developing teacher assess and present - day teacher assess . the developing teacher assess system , with the purpose of the promotion , is a kind of formative evaluation which is based on the aim , stresses the process and the timely feedback . it does not consider the result of the assess as the base of prize or reproach . its direction is to face the future , its aim is to promote the all - round development of all staffs , its function is centered on the lead - in , inspiration , development , and its means is the formative teacher evaluation . it pays special attention to the desire of teachers and esteem the requirement of teachers as its motive and power of the assessment . however , the present teacher assess is the closed - ending one whose feature is mainly to stress the daily performance before the evaluation and accordingly judge whether they possess the conditions of being rewarded or reproached 其方向? ?面對未來,目的? ?促進(jìn)全體教師的發(fā)展,功能? ?導(dǎo)向、激勵(lì)、發(fā)展為主,方式? ?形成性的教師評價(jià)制度,在啟動(dòng)方式上注重教師自己的成就期望,把教師的需要當(dāng)作評價(jià)的動(dòng)機(jī)和力量。而現(xiàn)行的教師評價(jià)是終結(jié)性評價(jià),其特點(diǎn)主要是面向過去,特別注重教師在評價(jià)前的工作表現(xiàn),并根據(jù)教師的工作表現(xiàn),判斷他們是否已經(jīng)具備獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或處罰的條件。為了全面了解現(xiàn)行教師評價(jià)制度存在的問題,做到有的放矢,本研究對濟(jì)南市156名高中教師進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,通過分析反映出以下問題: 1 、大多數(shù)教師對教師評價(jià)認(rèn)識不清,引不起全體教師的共鳴,容易走過場。
For the formative evaluation , study portfolios were set up for each subject in forms of self - evaluation , collaborative - evaluation , and teacher - directed evaluation . summative evaluation was carried out in the form of oral post - test with peng qigui ' s test as its main instrument . the conversations were recorded by microphone into tapes and the amount of the use of the communicative strategies was counted , by which communication strategy competence was measured 策略訓(xùn)練的效果以形成性和終結(jié)性兩種評價(jià)形式進(jìn)行,形成性評價(jià)采用建立學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)檔案,以自評,互評和師評三種方式定期進(jìn)行;終結(jié)性評價(jià)以實(shí)驗(yàn)后測試的形式,采用彭啟貴( 2000 )為測試工具,將交際內(nèi)容錄音,整理,統(tǒng)計(jì)并評價(jià)交際效率。
This instructional design draws its model and principle from a variety of disciplines : learning theory , systems theory , communications theory , and instructional theory . its major content involves the following component : front - end analysis , clarifying instructional objective , writing evaluation test questions , designing instructional strategy , writing instructional solution , formative evaluation of systematic instructional design , and revising instruction 這種教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)是以學(xué)習(xí)理論、系統(tǒng)論、傳播理論和教學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)方法進(jìn)行教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的理論和模式架構(gòu);系統(tǒng)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的基本內(nèi)容包括前期分析,教學(xué)目標(biāo)的闡明和評價(jià)試題的編制,教學(xué)策略的設(shè)計(jì),教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案的編制,系統(tǒng)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的形成性評價(jià),修改教學(xué);最后,構(gòu)建了以上述內(nèi)容為要素的系統(tǒng)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)模式。
This paper analyses the existing major problems in traditional evaluation concepts , reestablishes the scientific and reasonable evaluation system of college pe course learning , poses to construct new evaluation methods through the formative evaluation , and causes the pe course learning to possess more leading functions to improve the students ' quality and ability , and possesses stronger operation nature 摘要分析傳統(tǒng)評價(jià)觀念存在的主要問題,重新構(gòu)建高校科學(xué)、合理的體育課程學(xué)習(xí)評價(jià)體系,提出以形成性評價(jià)來建構(gòu)新的評價(jià)方法,使體育課程的學(xué)習(xí)對在校大學(xué)生的素質(zhì)和能力有更多的導(dǎo)向作用,并具有較強(qiáng)的可操作性。
To settle the disadvantages of the learning evaluation system in chinese , this paper , on the basis of " compulsory national education curriculum standard of courses for chinese " , probes into some ideas , in the aspects of the relation between knowledge and abilities , procedure and method , affection and values ; in the fields of becoming literate , reading , writing , oral communication and comprehensive learning , which emphasize the process of chinese learning and the formative evaluation taking on the characters of the variety of evaluated subjects , evaluating programs and evaluating methods , fully exert the positive influence of the diagnostic , encouraging and feedback effect , in order to maximize the output and efficiently boost the development of students 單一的評價(jià)方法脫離了學(xué)生的心智發(fā)展,脫離了語文本身的文化屬性和審美屬性。語文課程評價(jià)的目的最終是為了促進(jìn)學(xué)生語文素養(yǎng)的形成和發(fā)展。本文針對現(xiàn)行語文學(xué)習(xí)評價(jià)方法的局限性,以《全日制義務(wù)教育語文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn)稿) 》為依據(jù),從知識與能力、過程與方法、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀等維度,對識字與寫字、閱讀、寫作、口語交際、綜合性學(xué)習(xí)五個(gè)方面,關(guān)注學(xué)生語文學(xué)習(xí)過程,在實(shí)踐中探求評價(jià)主體多元、項(xiàng)目多種和形式多樣的形成性評價(jià)方法,充分發(fā)揮評價(jià)的診斷、激勵(lì)、反饋等功能,有效地促進(jìn)學(xué)生發(fā)展。
The formative evaluation of ibdp highlights not only students ' thinking ability , but also their scientific attitude and scientific method , and their ability to cooperate and to integrate . the evaluation method of ibdp has greatly influenced the teaching process , and it should be used as reference for our new round of teaching reform Ibdp的形成性評價(jià)方式不但重視對思維能力的考查,而且重視對學(xué)生科學(xué)態(tài)度,科學(xué)素質(zhì),科學(xué)精神,科學(xué)方法的考查以及合作精神,綜合能力,地理情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀等方面的進(jìn)步與變化的考察, ibdp的評價(jià)方式對于教學(xué)過程產(chǎn)生了重大影響,這應(yīng)該是我國進(jìn)行新一輪教學(xué)改革值得借鑒之處。